Hangeul 6 – Consonants (Aspirated, Strong air)

Hangeul 6 – Consonants (Aspirated, Strong air)

These four consonants are similar to the consonants that we have learned in Hangeul 4 – Consonants(Relax, less air), however these have a lot of air when you make sounds.

15) ㅋ ‘k’

With the video, you can practice ‘카, 커, 코, 쿠, 크, 키, 케, 캐’

 

16) ㅌ ‘t’

With the video, you can practice ‘타, 터, 토, 투, 트, 티, 테, 태’

17) ㅍ ‘p’

With the video, you can practice ‘파, 퍼, 포, 푸, 프, 피, 페, 패’

18) ㅊ ‘ch’

With the video, you can practice ‘차, 처, 초, 추, 츠, 치, 체, 채’

Vocabulary flash cards for ‘ㅋ’ ‘ㅌ’ ‘ㅍ’ ‘ㅊ’ -> http://quizlet.com/28340673/hangul4-flash-cards/

You can practice these sounds with the consonants(relax and less air) with these videos below.
* ‘ㄱ’ and ‘ㅋ’

* ‘ㄷ’ and ‘ㅌ’

* ‘ㅂ’ and ‘ㅍ’

* ‘ㅈ’ and ‘ㅊ’

[Vocabulary] English words in Korean

텔레비전	television
컵	cup
샴푸	shampoo
커튼	curtain
컴퓨터	computer
피아노	piano
뉴스	news
커피	coffee
버스	bus
택시	taxi
인터넷	internet
에어컨(Konglish)	air-conditioner
핸드폰(Konglish) : hand+phone	cell phone
아파트(Konglish)	apartment
리모콘(Konglish)	remote control

Konglish means Korean English 🙂
핸드폰 is also called 휴대전화(portable phone), however a lot of people use 핸드폰.

You can also listen to pronunciation here.

[Grammar] 이/가 vs 은/는 : Subject particle vs topic particle

We have learned Korean particles in the previous post(click).  This post is about subject particles and topic particles. The subject particles are  이 and 가, the topic particles are 은 and 는

Noun(ends with a consonant) + 이 

Noun(ends with a vowel) + 가

For example,

이름이 뭐예요?.  What is your name?
오늘이 며칠이에요? What date is today?
아기가 예뻐요. The baby is pretty.

And many people are confused the subject particle with the topic particle -은/는.

-은 and 는 are not subject particle. 

-은/는 can substitute -이/가(subject particle) and -을/를(object particle), which means you CAN’T use the topic particle and the subject/object particle for one noun.  We should use either topic particle or subject/object particle.

Noun(ends with a consonant) + 은

Noun(ends with a vowel) + 는

For beginners, we just need to know -은/는 are used for

1. when you introduce a noun

For example,

저는 이민수예요.  I am Lee Minsu.
저는 한국 사람이에요. I am Korean.
저는 28살이에요. I am 28 years old.
우리 한국어 선생님은 남자예요. My Korean teacher is a male.

2. when you compare two nouns

For example,

민수 씨는 사과를 좋아해요. 그런데 유진 씨는 사과를 안 좋아해요.
(Minsu likes apples, but Yujin doesn’t like apples)
– 민수 씨 and 유진 씨 are subjects.
* 민수 씨가는(X), 유진 씨가는(X)

민수 씨가 사과는 좋아해요. 그런데 (민수 씨가) 바나나는 안 좋아해요.
(Minsu likes apples, but he doesn’t like bananas.)
– 사과 and 바나나 are objects. 
* 사과를은(X), 바나나를은(X)

3. When you ask about new information, it is safe to use -이/가 and when you answer the question, you should -은/는

For example,

A: 이름이 뭐예요? What is your name?
B: 제 이름은 이민수예요. My name is Lee Minsu.

A: 오늘이 며칠이에요? What date is today?
B: 오늘은 8월 7일이에요. Today is August 7.

A: 이 분이 누구예요? Who is this person?
B: (이 분은) 제 어머니예요.  (This person is) My mother.

You can also listen to the pronunciation here.

#이 subject particle #가subject particle #subject particle #topic particle #topic #은는 #은topic #는topic #은subject #는subject #이/가vs은/는 #은는 topic #이가subject #subject marker #subject topic #Korean topic #은는 subject

Korean Holidays

2016 holidays in Korea

 

Koreans still use Sun calendar and Lunar calendar. Most Korean holidays are on the Sun calendar, however we(Koreans) still celebrate the two biggest holidays(Seollal and Chuseok) with the Lunar calendar.  Because these days are a day off or a few days off at work and school, so we call them ‘공휴일(day off)’ and ‘연휴(a few days off)’.

Here are a list of holidays and what we do on those days.

1/1 설날 (양력설  New year’s day on the Solar calendar) – We eat 떡국(rice cake soup) and celebrate a new year.

2/7~2/10설날(음력설 New year’s day on the Lunar calendar) – It is the biggest holiday!!! It is January 1st on the Lunar calendar, so the date changes every year on the Solar calendar. People go to their hometown and meet their parents and families on this day. A day before 설날, we get together to prepare food for the early morning ceremony on 설날, which is for our ancestors. We eat 떡국(rice cake soup) after the ceremony and we play traditional games like 윷놀이(four sticks). For more information about 설날, click here.

3/1  삼일절 (Independent movement day) – It occurred on March 1st in 1919 during the Japanese colonial occupation period. On this day, there are lots of places have reenactment performances. You can learn more about 삼일절 through this website.

5/5 어린이날 (Children’s day) – Kids love it, parents hate it. 🙂 A lot of people go to amusement parks or go on a picnic on this day.

5/14 석가탄신일 (Buddha’s birthday) – It is April 8th on the Lunar calendar, so the date changes every year. Buddhism is one of the biggest religions in Korea. Buddhists go to a temple to celebrate Buddha’s birthday.

6/6 현충일 (Memorial day) – It is the day to commemorate people who fought for Korea. The government holds a ceremony at the National Cemetery in Seoul.

8/15 광복절 (Independence day) – It is the day that we found our freedom back from Japanese colonial rule.

9/14~9/16 추석(Chuseok, Full moon holiday) – It is August 15th on the Lunar calendar, so the date changes every year. Chuseok is the second biggest holiday for Koreans. We go to our parents house to celebrate it and eat a lot of food. The day before Chuseok, families get together to prepare food for a morning ceremony on Chuseok. Food for Chuseok, 송편(pine tree flavor rice cake) is the most famous food for this day.

10/3 개천절 (National Foundation Day) – National Foundation day is celebrating for the day that Dan-goon Jo-seon is established for 4348 years ago.

10/9 한글날 (Hangeul Day) – It is the day to celebrate Hangeul that was created by Sejong the Great in 1443.

12/25 크리스마스 (Christmas) – A lot of people celebrate Christmas even though they are not Christians. Koreans somehow celebrate it as Valentine’s day, so a lot of couples eat out on this day. Some restaurants change their prices twice as much as original prices. Streets are full of people who hang out with their friends. It is fun, but I don’t recommend you to go to a busy street because there are lots of people who are drunk.

 

Some holidays are not a day off, but very important for us, which are

5/8 어버이 날 (Parents day) – It is the day to appreciate our parents. On this day, we send carnations and gifts to our parents or eat a nice meal with them.

5/15 스승의 날 (Teacher’s day) – We express appreciation to our teachers on this day by sending cards and gifts to our teachers. 스승 is formal word for teacher.

 

* 설날 Seollal (lunar calendar), 추석(Chuseok) and 석가탄신일(Buddha’s birthday) change every year because it is on the lunar calendar.

 

* My favorite holiday is Seollal and Chooseok because there are lots of food and we can take three days off to see our family and friends!

 

[Expression] 무슨 요일이에요? What day is it?

오늘이 무슨 요일이에요?
What day is it today?

 

A : 오늘이 무슨 요일이에요?  What day is it today?

B: 월요일이에요. It is Monday.

 

Tip>> You don’t need to repeat ‘오늘(today)’ because it is repeated. We don’t normally say the subject that is repeated.

 

Vocabulary>>

오늘 : today

무슨 : what kind of

요일 : day

무슨 요일 : what day, which day of the week

이에요? : is

월요일[워료일] : Monday

화요일 : Tuesday

수요일 : Wednesday

목요일[모교일] : Thursday

금요일[그묘일] : Friday

토요일 : Saturday

일요일[이료일] : Sunday

You can also listen to the pronunciation here.

[Grammar] 위,아래, 앞, 뒤 : Location nouns

Location nouns
위/아래/앞/뒤/옆/왼쪽/오른쪽/안/밖

 

We are going to learn location nouns in this post.  You can put these location nouns into ‘-이/가 -에 있어요/없어요 (~ is at/in somewhere) in the previous post(click).  Let’s look at the table below to learn location nouns.

Korean	English	Example
위	top,above	책상 위 on the desk
아래	under, bottom	책상 아래 under the desk
앞	front	책상 앞 in front of the desk
뒤	back, behind	책상 뒤 behind the desk
옆	next to	책상 옆 next to the desk
왼쪽	to the left of ~	책상 왼쪽 to the left of the desk
오른쪽	to the right of~	책상 오른쪽 to the right of desk
안	inside the ~	집 안 inside the house
밖	outside of the~	집 밖 outside of the house
A하고 B 사이	between A and B	책상하고 의자 사이 between the desk and the chair

 

You can make it into a question with the question noun “어디” which means “where” instead of the noun in “Location noun+에“.

e.g)

시계가 책상 위에 있어요.	The clock is on the desk.
시계가 책상 아래에 있어요.	The clock is under the desk.
시계가 책상 앞에 있어요.	The clock is in front of the desk.
시계가 책상 뒤에 있어요.	The clock is behind the desk.
시계가 책상 옆에 있어요.	The clock is next to the desk.
시계가 책상 왼쪽에 있어요.	The clock is to the left of the desk.
시계가 책상 오른쪽에 있어요.	The clock is to the right of the desk.
고양이가 집 안에 있어요.	The cat is inside the house.
고양이가 집 밖에 있어요.	The cat is outside of the house.
고양이가 책상하고 의자 사이에 있어요.	The cat is between the desk and the chair.
선생님이 어디에 있어요?	Where is the teacher?
화장실이 어디에 있어요?	Where is the bathroom?

You can listen to the pronunciation here.

Practice1>> Tranlate it to English.

1) 돈이 가방에 없어요.

2) 컴퓨터가 집에 없어요.

3) 시계가 책상 위에 있어요.

4) 사과가 냉장고 안에 있어요.

5) 학교가 어디에 있어요?

6) 선생님이 어디에 있어요?

 

Practice2>>Translate it to Korean.

1) Where is your house?

2) The book is on the top of the desk.

3) My friend is not in America.

4) Where is the school?

5) The pen is under the book.

6) Is the cell phone in the bag?

 

If you know the answer, please leave a reply under this post. I will post the answer next weekend!

[Grammar] -에서 Place particle

-에서 Place particle

 

We have learned the place particle -에 on the previous post(click), -에 is a place particle which means ‘existence(-에 있어요/없어요)’ or ‘direction(-에 가요/와요)’.

-에서 is also a place particle, but this is for an action, such as “I work at home”, “I study at the library” or “I eat lunch at a restaurant”.  In those sentences, ‘work’, ‘study’ and ‘eat’ have actions, you “do” something.  Let’s look at sentences below.

집에서 텔레비전을 봐요.(보다:watch)	I am watching TV at home.
학교에서 공부해요.(공부하다:study)	I am studying at my school.
회사에서 일해요.(일하다:work)	I am working at my company.
도서관에서 책을 읽어요.(읽다:read)	I am reading books at the library.
커피숍에서 친구를 만나요.(만나다:meet)	I am meeting my friend at the coffee shop.
극장에서 영화를 봐요.(보다:watch)	I am watching a movie at the theater.
백화점에서 신발을 사요.(사다:buy)	I am buying shoes at the department store.
친구 집에서 컴퓨터 게임해요.(게임하다:play a game)	I am playing a computer game at my friend’s home.

You can also listen to the pronunciation here.

* Here is the difference between 에 and 에서. -에 is used for existence(있어요/없어요/살아요) and destination(가요/와요/다녀요), while 에서 is used for action verbs.

 

* 에서 also means ‘from a place’, check this out by clicking here.

[Grammar] Direction particle -으로/로

I put a post about ‘-(으)로’ which means ‘method’, ‘means’ or ‘way’ in the previous post(click).   -(으)로 also is used for indicating a direction, it can be translated ‘to’ or ‘toward’ in English.

Form>

Nouns(consonants ending)	으로	앞으로, 옆으로, 집으로, 시청으로, 부산으로
Nouns(vowel or ㄹ ending)	로	위로, 아래로, 뒤로, 출구로, 서울로,

For example>>

앞으로 가세요.	Go forward.
왼쪽으로 도세요.(돌다: turn)	Turn left.
이 버스(가) 시청으로 가요?	Is this bus going to(toward) the City Hall?
집으로 가고 있어요.	I am on my way home.
위층으로 올라 가세요.	Go upstairs.
서울로 이사했어요.	I moved to Seoul.
뒤로 넘어졌어요.	Fell down on my back.
4번 출구로 나오세요.	Come out from(toward) Exit 4.
이 기차가 서울로 가요?	Is this train going to Seoul?

You can also listen to the pronunciation here.

-(으)로 is very similar to the destination particle ‘-에’, but the difference is that ‘-으로’ emphasizes “direction/headed” and ‘-에’ focuses on ‘destination’.  For example,

집으로 가고 있어요. means “I am heading for home”; it might not mean ‘the destination is home’. 집에 가고 있어요. means “I am going home”; the destination is home.  So “집에 가서 쉬세요(go home take a rest)” is correct, but “집으로 가서 쉬세요” is weird.  Also, You can say “서울에 도착했어요(arrive in Seoul)“ , but you shouldn’t say “서울로 도착했어요“.

Verbs only with -(으), not -에	Verbs only with -에, not -(으)로
-(으)로 떠나다 : leave for -(으)로 이사가다/오다 : move to -(으)로 출발하다 : depart for	-에 도착하다 : arrive at/in

[Grammar] Means, way particle -으로/로

Means, way, method particle -으로/로

-(으)로 is a noun particle which means ‘means’, ‘way’ or ‘method’, it can be translated ‘by’ or ‘with’ in English.  You can use this for transportation, a tool, a way that you use.

Form>

Nouns(consonants ending)	으로	손으로, 핸드폰으로, 인터넷으로,
Nouns(vowel or ㄹ ending)	로	차로, 자전거로, 기차로, 지하철로, 이메일로

e.g)

consonants ending	손으로 먹어요.	Eat with hands.
	꽃으로 만들었어요.	Made this with flowers.
	인터넷으로 찾았어요.	Found this on the Internet. (method)
vowel or ㄹ ending	자전거로 가요.	Go by bicycle.
	기차로 가요.	Go by train.
	지하철로 가요.	Go by subway.
	이메일로 보내요.	Send it via Email.

When you say ‘go by foot’, we don’t use this particle. ‘Go by foot’ in Korean is ‘걸어서 가요’, ‘come by foot’ is ‘걸어서 와요.’

You can also listen to the pronunciation here.

[Grammar] 왜? Question words

Question words for Beginners

You can also listen to the pronunciation here.

어느	which	어느 나라 사람이에요?	Where are you from?
		어느 학교 다녀요?	Which school are you attending?
누구	whom, whose	누구 거예요?	Whose thing is it?
누가	who(subject)	누가 안 왔어요?	Who didn’t come?
뭐	what	뭐 해요?	What are you doing?
무엇	formal word of ‘뭐’	무엇을 합니까?	What are you doing?
무슨+ N	what kind of N	무슨 음식을 좋아해요?	What food do you like?
		무슨 책을 읽어요?	What book do you read?
왜	why	왜 안 왔어요?	Why didn’t you come?
		전화 왜 안 받아요?	Why didn’t you answer my phone?
어디	where	어디에 가요?	Where are you going?
		어디에서 왔어요?	Where are you (coming) from?
언제	when	언제 한국에 왔어요?	When did you come to Korea?
		언제 집에 와요?	When are you coming home?
어떻게	how	부산에 어떻게 가요?	How do I get to Busan.
		이거 어떻게 해요?	How do I do this?
몇	how many, what	몇 개예요?	How many is this?
		몇 월이에요?	What month is it?
며칠	what date, how many days	오늘 며칠이에요?	What date is today?
		며칠 동안 여행해요?	How many days are you going to travel?

 

A lot of Koreans write ‘며칠’ as ‘몇일’, but ‘몇일’ is wrong.  If you see anyone(Korean) write it wrong, please correct them!