[Reading] 신데렐라 Cinderella -2

그 때, 요정이 나타나서 신데렐라에게 예쁜 옷과 유리 구두를 선물로 주었어요. 그리고 말했어요. “12시까지 집에 돌아와야 해요. 12시가 지나면 옷과 구두가 사라질 거예요.”

신데렐라는 예쁜 옷을 입고 유리 구두를 신고 파티에 갔어요. 왕자님은 신데렐라를 보자마자 신데렐라를 좋아하게 되었어요. 하지만 12시가 되어서 신데렐라는 집으로 돌아가야 했어요. 신데렐라가 파티장에서 떠날 때 유리 구두 하나가 벗겨졌지만 시간이 없어서 주울 수 없었어요.

왕자님은 구두의 주인을 찾고 싶었어요. 그래서 마을 사람들 모두에게 구두의 주인과 결혼하고 싶다고 말했어요. 새어머니와 두 딸은 왕자님에게 그 구두가 자기의 것이라고 말했어요. 하지만 새어머니와 두 딸의 발은 너무 커서 구두가 맞지 않았어요. 마지막으로 신데렐라가 구두를 신었어요. 그 구두는 신데렐라의 발에 꼭 맞았어요. 왕자님은 신데렐라를 찾아서 아주 행복했어요.

왕자님과 신데렐라는 결혼해서 아주 아주 행복하게 살았어요.

Click here to listen to the audio file.

 

New words>
요정: elf, fairy
나타나다: to appear
-과: and (formal)
유리: glass
-을/를 선물로 주다: to give something as a gift
-아/어/해야 해요(돼요): to have to (learn more about this grammar, click here)
지나다: to pass
-(으)면: if
사라지다: to disappear
–자마자: as soon as
verb+게 되다: to become verb
파티장: party hall
–에서 떠나다: to leave somewhere
벗겨지다: to be taken off (shoes, clothes)
줍다  in 주울 수 없었어요: to pick somethig up (click here to learn more about ㅂirregular)
주인: owner
모두: everyone (this can be noun or adverb)
-다고 말하다: to say, tell (click here to learn more about indirect speech)
자기: oneself
-의: of (it means possesion)
것: thing
맞다: to fit, match
-지 않다: the long negation = 안 (click here to learn more about this grammar)
마지막으로: finally, at last
행복하+게: happily (click here to learn more about adjectvie+게)

 

Hangeul 6 – Consonants (Aspirated, Strong air)

Hangeul 6 – Consonants (Aspirated, Strong air)

These four consonants are similar to the consonants that we have learned in Hangeul 4 – Consonants(Relax, less air), however these have a lot of air when you make sounds.

15) ㅋ ‘k’

With the video, you can practice ‘카, 커, 코, 쿠, 크, 키, 케, 캐’

 

16) ㅌ ‘t’

With the video, you can practice ‘타, 터, 토, 투, 트, 티, 테, 태’

17) ㅍ ‘p’

With the video, you can practice ‘파, 퍼, 포, 푸, 프, 피, 페, 패’

18) ㅊ ‘ch’

With the video, you can practice ‘차, 처, 초, 추, 츠, 치, 체, 채’

Vocabulary flash cards for ‘ㅋ’ ‘ㅌ’ ‘ㅍ’ ‘ㅊ’ -> http://quizlet.com/28340673/hangul4-flash-cards/

You can practice these sounds with the consonants(relax and less air) with these videos below.
* ‘ㄱ’ and ‘ㅋ’

* ‘ㄷ’ and ‘ㅌ’

* ‘ㅂ’ and ‘ㅍ’

* ‘ㅈ’ and ‘ㅊ’

[Voca] 하고 vs 그리고 : and

-하고 vs 그리고 : and

 

-하고 and 그리고 both mean ‘and’ in Korean, however -하고 occurs between two nouns and 그리고 takes place between two sentences. Here are few examples that you can practice.

 

•  Noun+하고 : ‘and(between nouns)’, ‘with someone’
  

e.g)

가방하고 티셔츠를 샀어요.	I bought a bag and a T shirt.
김밥하고 불고기(를) 주세요.	Please give me Kimbap and Bulgogi.
친구하고 같이 영화를 봐요.	I am watching a movie with my friend.
형하고 같이 살아요.	I live with my brother.

 

* -와/과 is the same as ‘-하고’, but -와/과 is the formal way.  Thus, when you write something or have a meeting, you should use -와/과 instead of -하고.

Noun(consonant) + 과

Noun(vowel) + 와

 

* -(이)랑 is also the same as ‘-하고’, however this is used in a very informal conversation such as friends or family.  You shouldn’t use this in a formal conversation.

Noun(consonant) + 이랑

Noun(vowel) + 랑

 

• 그리고 : ‘and(between sentences)’, ‘and then’

e.g)

이 가방은 참 예뻐요. 그리고 가벼워요.	This bag is very pretty, and it is light.
저는 사과를 좋아해요. 그리고 배도 좋아해요.	I like apples, and I also like pears.
도서관에 가요. 그리고 친구를 만나요.	I am going to the library, and then I will meet my friend.
친구를 만날 거예요. 그리고 같이 영화 볼 거예요.	I am going to meet my friend, and then we will watch a movie together.

You can also listen to the pronunciation here.

[Hangeul] Pronunciation change 3

This pronunciation change is about ‘ㅎ’.  In Korean, there are lots of changes with this letter ‘ㅎ’. When ‘ㅎ’ meets ‘ㅅ’, the pronunciation changes to ‘ㅆ’.  And when ‘ㅎ’ meets ‘ㄱ,ㄷ,ㅂ,ㅈ’, the pronunciations change to ‘ㅋ,ㅌ,ㅍ,ㅊ’ .

 

1. ㅎ(final consonant) + ㅅ => ㅆ

 

2. ㅎ(final consonant) + ㄱ,ㄷ,ㅂ,ㅈ => ㅋ,ㅌ,ㅍ,ㅊ

 

3. ㄱ,ㄷ,ㅂ,ㅈ(final consonant) + ㅎ =>ㅋ,ㅌ,ㅍ,ㅊ

e.g)

You can listen to the pronunciation here.

 

[Grammar] 위,아래, 앞, 뒤 : Location nouns

Location nouns
위/아래/앞/뒤/옆/왼쪽/오른쪽/안/밖

 

We are going to learn location nouns in this post.  You can put these location nouns into ‘-이/가 -에 있어요/없어요 (~ is at/in somewhere) in the previous post(click).  Let’s look at the table below to learn location nouns.

Korean	English	Example
위	top,above	책상 위 on the desk
아래	under, bottom	책상 아래 under the desk
앞	front	책상 앞 in front of the desk
뒤	back, behind	책상 뒤 behind the desk
옆	next to	책상 옆 next to the desk
왼쪽	to the left of ~	책상 왼쪽 to the left of the desk
오른쪽	to the right of~	책상 오른쪽 to the right of desk
안	inside the ~	집 안 inside the house
밖	outside of the~	집 밖 outside of the house
A하고 B 사이	between A and B	책상하고 의자 사이 between the desk and the chair

 

You can make it into a question with the question noun “어디” which means “where” instead of the noun in “Location noun+에“.

e.g)

시계가 책상 위에 있어요.	The clock is on the desk.
시계가 책상 아래에 있어요.	The clock is under the desk.
시계가 책상 앞에 있어요.	The clock is in front of the desk.
시계가 책상 뒤에 있어요.	The clock is behind the desk.
시계가 책상 옆에 있어요.	The clock is next to the desk.
시계가 책상 왼쪽에 있어요.	The clock is to the left of the desk.
시계가 책상 오른쪽에 있어요.	The clock is to the right of the desk.
고양이가 집 안에 있어요.	The cat is inside the house.
고양이가 집 밖에 있어요.	The cat is outside of the house.
고양이가 책상하고 의자 사이에 있어요.	The cat is between the desk and the chair.
선생님이 어디에 있어요?	Where is the teacher?
화장실이 어디에 있어요?	Where is the bathroom?

You can listen to the pronunciation here.

Practice1>> Tranlate it to English.

1) 돈이 가방에 없어요.

2) 컴퓨터가 집에 없어요.

3) 시계가 책상 위에 있어요.

4) 사과가 냉장고 안에 있어요.

5) 학교가 어디에 있어요?

6) 선생님이 어디에 있어요?

 

Practice2>>Translate it to Korean.

1) Where is your house?

2) The book is on the top of the desk.

3) My friend is not in America.

4) Where is the school?

5) The pen is under the book.

6) Is the cell phone in the bag?

 

If you know the answer, please leave a reply under this post. I will post the answer next weekend!

[Grammar] -에서 Place particle

-에서 Place particle

 

We have learned the place particle -에 on the previous post(click), -에 is a place particle which means ‘existence(-에 있어요/없어요)’ or ‘direction(-에 가요/와요)’.

-에서 is also a place particle, but this is for an action, such as “I work at home”, “I study at the library” or “I eat lunch at a restaurant”.  In those sentences, ‘work’, ‘study’ and ‘eat’ have actions, you “do” something.  Let’s look at sentences below.

집에서 텔레비전을 봐요.(보다:watch)	I am watching TV at home.
학교에서 공부해요.(공부하다:study)	I am studying at my school.
회사에서 일해요.(일하다:work)	I am working at my company.
도서관에서 책을 읽어요.(읽다:read)	I am reading books at the library.
커피숍에서 친구를 만나요.(만나다:meet)	I am meeting my friend at the coffee shop.
극장에서 영화를 봐요.(보다:watch)	I am watching a movie at the theater.
백화점에서 신발을 사요.(사다:buy)	I am buying shoes at the department store.
친구 집에서 컴퓨터 게임해요.(게임하다:play a game)	I am playing a computer game at my friend’s home.

You can also listen to the pronunciation here.

* Here is the difference between 에 and 에서. -에 is used for existence(있어요/없어요/살아요) and destination(가요/와요/다녀요), while 에서 is used for action verbs.

 

* 에서 also means ‘from a place’, check this out by clicking here.

[Hangeul] Pronunciation change 2

In previous pronunciation change post, I said there are more changes, right?  Here is the second one.

When final consonants ㄱ(ㄲ,ㅋ),ㄷ(ㅌ,ㅅ,ㅆ,ㅈ,ㅊ),ㅂ(ㅍ) meet ‘ㄱ,ㄷ,ㅂ,ㅅ,ㅈ‘,
‘ㄱ,ㄷ,ㅂ,ㅅ,ㅈ’ sound change to ‘ㄲ,ㄸ,ㅃ,ㅆ,ㅉ‘.

 

For example,

 

You can also listen to the pronunciation here.

If you don’t know how to read final consonants, you can click here to learn.

 

 

[Grammar] ‘ㅂ’ 불규칙 : ‘ㅂ’ irregular verb/adjective

 ‘ㅂ’ 불규칙 : ‘ㅂ’ irregular verb/adjective

When a verb or an adjective stem which ends in ‘ㅂ’ is followed by an ending beginning with a vowel, ‘ㅂ’ changes to ‘우’. However there are two words(돕다:help, 곱다:beautiful) meet an ending which beginning with -아/어(not -으), ‘ㅂ’changes to ‘오’.

Verb/Adjective(‘ㅂ’ ending) + vowel => ‘ㅂ’ -> 우

고맙(다) + 아/어, -으 => 고마우 + 어, 고마+우
춥(다) + 아/어, -으 => 추우+ 어, 고마+우

V/A	ㅂ -> 우	conjugation	result
고맙(다) + 아/어 고맙(다) + 으면 고맙(다) + (으)ㄴ	=> 고마우 => 고마우 => 고마우	=> 고마우 + 어 => 고마우 + 면 => 고마우 + ㄴ	=> 고마워 => 고마우면 => 고마운
춥(다) + 아/어 춥(다) + 으면  춥(다) + (으)ㄴ	=> 추우 => 추우 => 추우	=> 추우 + 어 => 추우 + 면 => 추우 + ㄴ	=> 추워 => 추우면 => 추운
돕(다) + 아/어 돕(다) + 으면 돕(다) + (으)ㄴ 곱(다) + 아/어 곱(다) + 으면	=> 도오 => 도우 => 도우 => 고오 => 고우	=> 도오+아 => 도우+면 => 도우+ㄴ => 고오+아 => 고우+면	=> 도와 => 도우면 => 도운 => 고와 => 고우면

There are more ‘ㅂ’ irregular verbs and adjectives below.

verb/adjective	English	-아/어요	-으면
맵다	spicy	매워요	매우면
춥다	cold	추워요	추우면
덥다	hot	더워요	더우면
무겁다	heavy	무거워요	무거우면
가볍다	light	가벼워요	가벼우면
아름답다	beautiful	아름다워요	아름다우면

e.g)

이 음식이 너무 매워요.	This food is too spicy.
오늘 날씨가 너무 추워요.	Today is too cold.
한국의 여름은 정말 더워요.	It is really hot in Korea in the Summer.
가방이 무거워요.	This bag is very heavy.
경치가 정말 아름다워요.	The view is very beautiful.
도와 주세요.	Please help me.
더운 날씨를 안 좋아해요.	I don’t like hot weather.
매운 음식을 많이 드시지 마세요.	Please do not eat too much spicy food.

You can also listen to the pronunciation here.

There are few verbs and adjective don’t change their shape even though they have ‘ㅂ’ final consonant. For example,

입(다) : wear -> 입 + 어요 => 입어요 
잡(다) :grab, catch -> 잡 + 아요 => 잡아요

민수 씨가 티셔츠를 입었어요.	Minsu is wearing a T-shirt.
경찰이 범인을 잡았어요.	The police caught the criminal.

 If you have any questions, please leave comments in this post.

 

[Grammar] ‘으’탈락: ‘으’ drop verbs

 ‘으’탈락 :  ‘으’ drop verbs

I put the title as ‘으’ drop instead of ‘으’ irregular because the ‘irregular rule’ has an exception(also is called the regular rule), but ‘drop rule’ doesn’t have an exception. That means every verb and adjective ending in ‘으’ , it drops ‘으’ when it meets an ending which beginning with 아/어.

 

Verb/Adjective(‘으’ ending) + 아/어 => ‘으’ drop
(adding ‘아/어’ depends on a preceding syllable’s vowel)

 

V/A	으 drop	preceding syllable’s vowel	change
바쁘(다) + 아/어	=> 바ㅃ	=> 바(vowelㅏ) + 아	=> 바빠
예쁘(다) + 아/어	=> 예ㅃ	=> 예(vowel ㅖ) + 어	=> 예뻐
쓰(다) + 아/어	=> ㅆ	=> no preceding syllable + 어	=> 써

e.g)

지난주에 아주 바빴어요.	I was really busy last week.
제 동생은 정말 예뻐요.	My younger sister is really pretty.
오랜만에 친구를 만나서 정말 기뻤어요.	I was so happy to meet my friend who haven’t seen for a long time.
친구한테 편지를 썼어요.	I wrote a letter to my friend.

You can also listen to the pronunciation here.

[Grammar] ‘ㄷ’ 불규칙 ; ‘ㄷ’ Irregular verb

‘ㄷ’ 불규칙 ; ‘ㄷ’ Irregular verb

 

When a verb stem ending in ‘ㄷ’ is followed by an ending beginning with a vowel, ‘ㄷ’ changes to ‘ㄹ’. 

Verb(ㄷ ending) + vowel -> ㄷ changes to ㄹ
걷(다) + 어 -> 걸어
걷(다) + 으 -> 걸으

Verbs	beginning with -아(어)	beginning with -(으)
걷다(walk) 묻다(ask) 듣다(listen) 깨닫다(realize)	걸어요 물어요 들어요 깨달아요	걸으면 물으면 들으면 깨달으면

e.g) 

저기까지 같이 걸어 가요.	Let’s walk over there together.
이길을 걸으면 옛날 친구 생각이 나요.	When I walk this street, think of my old friend.
우리 선생님한테 물어 보세요.	I suggest you to (try to) ask my teacher.
이 노래 한번 들어 보세요.	I suggest you to (try to) listen to this song.
음악을 들으면 마음이 편해요.	I am very relaxed when I listen to music.

You can also listen to the pronunciation here. 

 

However, not all of the ‘ㄷ’ending verbs change their shape, some of them don’t change. For example, 

Verbs	beginning with -아(어)	beginning with -(으)
받다(receive) 닫다(close) 믿다(believe) 묻다(be stained)	받아요 닫아요 믿어요 묻어요	받으면 닫으면 믿으면 묻으면

e.g)

친구한테서 선물을 받았어요.	I got a gift from my friend.
문을 닫으세요.	Please close the door.
저는 민수 씨 말을 믿어요.	I believe what Minsu said.
민수 씨, 옷에 커피가 묻었어요.	Minsu, there is a coffee stain on your shirt.

You can listen to the pronunciation here.