- -(으)ㄴ 적이 있다/없다 : have done (to have an experience)
- -(으)ㄴ 지 (time) 지나다/넘다/되다 : It has been (time) since –
- -(으)ㄴ/는 셈이다 : It is the same as -, I can count (something) as-
- -(으)ㄴ/는 순간 : at the moment that (someone) did/do
- -(으)ㄴ 채로 : statue in progress
- -(으)ㄴ/는 척하다 : to pretend to do
- –(으)ㄴ/는/-(으)ㄹ 것 같다: it looks like, it seems like = -(으)ㄴ/는/-(으)ㄹ 모양이다 = 나 보다 = 는 듯하다
- -(으)ㄴ/는 대로 : as the same as (someone) did/do
- -(으)ㄴ/는/(으)ㄹ 듯이 : like, as… as…
- -(으)ㄴ/는/(으)ㄹ 줄 알았다, 몰랐다 : thought that, didn’t know that
- -(으)ㄴ/는/(으)ㄹ듯하다 : it looks like, it seems like
- -(으)ㄴ/는/(으)ㄹ지 알다/모르다 : know/don’t know whether/ if
- -(으)ㄴ/는다면서요? / -다며? : I heard…, right?
- -(으)ㄴ/는데 : but/however, to present a background situation
- -(으)ㄴ/는 데다가 not only—but also—, in addtion (=-(으)ㄹ 뿐만 아니라)
- -(으)니까 : 1. because, 2. to realize something
- -(으)ㄹ걸(요) : guess (maybe, might, will)
- -(으)ㄹ 걸 그랬다: to express that a speaker regrets about something
- -(으)ㄹ 것이(게) 아니라 : not will do A, but will do B
- A(으)겸 B(으)ㄹ 겸 해서 C : doing C in order to do A and B.
- -(으)ㄹ 만하다 : it is worth to do
- -(으)ㄹ 뻔했다 : almost did
- -(으)ㄹ 뿐만 아니라 : not only-, but also – = -(으)ㄴ/는 데다가
- -(으)ㄹ 수밖에 없다 : have to, should
- -(으)ㄹ 정도로(=만큼) : like (this much)
- -(으)ㄹ 테니까 : (=(으)ㄹ 거니까) because sb will do/ because st will happen
- -(으)ㄹ 텐데 : ask/suggest/request while telling a background situation
- A(으)ㄹ까 B(으)ㄹ까 고민하다/생각하다 : to think of doing A or doing B
- A(으)ㄹ지 B(으)ㄹ지 고민하다/생각하다 : to think of doing A or doing B
- -(으)ㄹ까 봐 : be afraid of doing
- -(으)ㄹ까 하다 : to think of doing
- -(으)ㄹ까요? : Shall we, will it? (to have a question about a situation in the future)
- -(으)ㄹ래요.? : I will… / would you…?
- -(으)ㄹ리가 없다 : it will not be
- -(으)ㄹ수록 : the more… the more…
- -(으)ㄹ 수도 있다 : maybe
- -(으)ㄹ지도 모르다 : maybe
- -(으)려고 : in order to do (click here to learn more)
- -(으)려고 하는데 / -(으)려고 했는데 : was going to do
- -(으)려고 하다 : be about to do, be going to do (click here to learn more)
- -(으)려나 보다(=으려고 하나 보다) : it looks like, it seems like
- -(으)려다가(=으려고 하다가) : was going to do (change an action to different one)
- -(으)려면(=으려고 하면) : if you want to do, if you are going to do
- –(으)로서 : as a noun (qualification, position)
- -(으)며 : while, and
- -(으)면 안 되다 : should not do, not okay to do
- -(으)면서 : while, although
- -(으)므로 : because-
- -거나 : do A or B (-거나 말거나 : whether do A or not)
- -거든 : if, because
- -게 : in order to, to make adjectives into adverbs
- -게 되다 : become
- -게 하다 / 만들다 / 시키다 : to make someone/something to do(causative)
- -겠- : a verb particle for the future tense
- -겠어요 : should, will
- -고 나다 : -고 나서, 고 나면 : after doing
- -고 보다 : -고 보니(까), -고 보면 : find out something after doing –
- -고 있다 : Verb-ing (action in progress)
- -고는 하다 : often do
- -고자 하다 : want to (=고 싶다)
- -기 때문에, -기 때문이다 : because- (at the end of sentence)
- -기/-게 마련이다 : it sure do/certainly do
- -기는 하다 : admit to a fact which is unpleasant
- -기는 하지만/-기는 해도 : it is…, but…(admit to a fact, but have another opinion)
- -기는요 : to disagree the person who just say or ask
- A기도 하고 B기도 하다 : A and also B
- -기를 바라다 : to hope
- -기만 하면 : if/once someone do this, it will
- -기에는 adjective : it is adjective to do –
- -길래(기에) : because –
- -ㄴ/는다면 : if
- -나 마나 : whether A or not (it will be the same result), therefore you don’t need to do
- -나 보다 : it looks like, it seems like
- -느니 : rather than do –
- A는 것은 B느니만 못하다 : doing A is not better than B.
- -느라고 : because, in order to
- -는 것, 기, -음 : -ing, to make a verb as a noun clause
- -는 것이 아니라 : not A but B
- A-는 김에 B하다: on a change of doing A, also doing B
- noun 대신에, -는 대신에: instead of
- -는 덕분에 : because of (with pleasure result)
- -는 데(에) 좋다/나쁘다 : good/bad to do
- -는 동안에 : during, while
- -는 바람에 : because (with bad result)
- -는 중에 or 중이다 : in the middle of doing
- -는 편이다 : tend to
- -다 보니(까), -다가 보면 : to realize something during doing something
- -다가 : while, during
- -다가는 : to express a warning
- -다시피 : as you see
- -더니 : reason, but, as soon as
- -더라 : to tell a story while reminiscing a scene in the past
- -더라도 : even though
- -던, -았/었/였던 : used to
- -던 참에, -던 참이다 : was going to do
- -던데 : 더+ㄴ데
- -도록 : in order to
- -도록 하다 : make a command or someone’s will softer
- -든지 : either, A든지 말든지 : either A or not,
- noun 마다 : every
- time 만에 : since time
- noun만큼, -는 만큼 : as much as
- -말이에요 : you know
- -아/어/여 가다/오다 : it has done
- -아/어/여 가지고 : because(conversational)
- -아/어/여 내다 : to complete an action
- -아/어/여 두다/놓다 : status in progress
- -아/어/여 버리다 : to complete an action
- -아/어/여 보이다 : to look like
- -아/어/여 있다 : status in progress
- -아/어/여도 : even if, (아무리) -아/어/여도 : No matter how
- -아/어/여도 되다 : be okay to do, allow to do
- -아/어/여봤자 : whether do or not, it is the same result
- -아/어/여서 : reason, after doing(a sequence of two actions, time order)
- -아/어/여서 그래요. : it is because
- -아/어/여서 그런지 : maybe because
- -아/어/여야지 : have to
- -았/었/였더라면 -았/었/였을 텐데… : if someone did, it would have…
- -았/었/였으면 좋겠다/싶다/하다 : hope
- 얼마나 -(으)ㄴ/는지 : emphasize, so—that—
- -에 대한, -에 대해서/관해서 : about
- -에 따른, -에 따르면 : according to
- -에 비해서 : compare to
- -에 의한, -에 의해서 : by someone
- -와/과 같이/마찬가지로 : as the same as
- -와/과 다르게/달리 : different from
- -은/는커녕, -기는커녕 : do not even say –
- –을/를 위한, 위해서, -기 위해서 : in order to, for-
- -을/를 통한, 통해서 : through
- number 이나, 밖에
- -자마자 : as soon as
- -잖아요 : you know
- noun적이다, noun적으로 : noun-> adjective, noun-> adverb
- -지 그래요? : why don’t you
- -지요? : to confirm
- -처럼, -는/은 것처럼 : as like
- Adjective -아/어/여지다 : become adjective
- Verb -아/어/여지다 : passive voice
- Casual speech (반말)
- Indirect speech (statement, question, suggestion, imperative)
- Irregular verb ㅅ
- Irregular verb ㅎ
- noun 말고
- noun 빼고
- noun 없이
- noun만 못하다 : not as good as
- noun만 하다
- Passive voice(피동문)
- Causative sentence(사동문)
- Subject honorific verb (존댓말 동사)
- 되다 verb
- noun 못지않게 : as good as
- 아닐 수 없다, -지 않을 수 없다 (double negation)
- -는 것은 아니다(partial negation)
- 아무/아무도/아무나 : any/nobody/any
Funkorean4u.com 